[15] Alfred spent Christmas at Chippenham (in Wessex), thirty miles (50km) from Gloucester . They held the northeast area of the country. Encyclopedia.com. Viking defeat. Thebattlewas fought in 878, when theWessex army, under KingAlfred,defeated the"Great Heathen Army"under theVikingkingGuthrum. The victory at Edington forced Guthrum to abandon Wessex , and Alfred resumed control of the entire kingdom, ensuring that the last Anglo-Saxon kingdom survived the Viking onslaught. On the following day, both armies deployed on the battlefield, the Norse troops having the forest at their rear. Known as a royal center during Alfred's reign, the area was memorable for being captured by Viking warrior Guthrum during the 9th century. Ivar's legs then completely gave out, shattering all of his bones before collapsing on the ground. Some scholars have suggested that Asser's life of King Alfred was a forgery. Over four thousand warriors embarked in two hundred ships and sailed for England. Fortunately for Wessex, they did not use the time available effectively. A list of 47 interesting Battle questions! The primary reason for Alfred's victory was probably the relative size of the two armies. Date [51][56], In 886, the Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum defined the boundaries of their two kingdoms. Battle of Edington - Battle in Wiltshire at which Alfred the Great defeated a Danish army, forcing them to withdraw from Wessex into East Anglia Battle of Edington, 878 Home - Book Shop - Wars - Battles - Biographies - Timeline - Weapons - Blog - Full Index - Subjects - Concepts - Country - Documents - Pictures & Maps The Witan met there in 957. Further Danish forces had settled on the land before Guthrum attacked Wessex: in East Anglia, and in Mercia between the treaty at Exeter and the attack on Chippenham; many others were lost in a storm off Swanage in 876877, with 120 ships wrecked. We're a volunteer run registered charity dedicated to the protection, promotion and interpretation of Britain's battlefields. Burkitt suggests that on philological grounds, Brixton Deverill may be a contender for the site. Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps. [40][41] Arguments for the alternative sites were generally name-based, although with the large interest in everything Alfredian in the 19th century, any site that had an Alfredian connection could be guaranteed large numbers of tourists, so this was also a driving force to find a link. There was little that Alfred could do about the Danish menace between 875 and the end of 877, beyond repeatedly paying the invaders off. Edington, Wessex The primary reason for Alfred's victory was probably the relative size of the two armies. They then gave hostages and oaths to leave the country to Alfred, who paid them off. The decisive victory of the Wessex levies forced Guthrum to sue for peace and give hostages. 865 to 1066. Hvitserk then reassured him that his name will live on and no one will forget his deeds. Commanders It was under Alfred that the Viking threat was contained. Battle of Corbridge This was a battle between Viking forces led by Ragnall and Constantine II of Scotland supported by Ealdred of Bamburgh. Northampton, battle of Alfred then arrives and screams "no mercy!". Prelude Wessex had always been the focal point for Viking raids and invasions. Abraham Elliott Las Vegas, Recently, however, the charitable organisation Wirral Archaeology argued the case for it having . [9] His army settled there, and he is not mentioned after 876, when "[the Danes] were engaged in ploughing and making a living for themselves". Of the nine battles mentioned by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle during that year, only one was a West Saxon victory. Early in 1314 Edward II assembled a large army to restore his crumbling authority in Scotland an, Edinger, Johanna Gabrielle Ottilie (Tilly), Edinboro University of Pennsylvania: Tabular Data, Edinboro University of Pennsylvania: Narrative Description, Edison College: Distance Learning Programs, Edison Community College: Distance Learning Programs, Edison Community College: Narrative Description, Edison State Community College: Distance Learning Programs, Edison State Community College: Narrative Description, Edison State Community College: Tabular Data, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/edington-battle. Battle of Edington Alfred summoned his troops and defeated the Viking leader, Guthrum and agreed terms at Wedmore. Alfred gave a rousing speech to his men, urging them to fight against the rapacious Danes and show no mercy. For the next several months, Alfred launched raids into his own kingdom, now overrrun by Guthrum's warriors. In 1904 William Henry Stevenson analysed possible sites and said "So far, there is nothing to prove the identity of this Eandune with Edington" but then goes on to say that "there can be little reason for questioning it". The Battle of Edington 8,443 views Apr 20, 2019 116 Dislike Share Save R M 386 subscribers Early medieval England was on the cusp of complete conquest at the hand of the Danish invaders.. Previously, the Vikings had come to raid and settle around the coast; this force came to conquer. The primary sources for the location of the battle are Asser's Life of King Alfred, which names the place as "Ethandun" and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which has Eandune. Alfred then ordered that Hvitserk be spared as he is one of the last surviving sons of Ragnar Lothbrok and makes great plans for him. The Battle of Edington is a decisive military engagement. Select from premium Battle Of Edington of the highest quality. BLUE = Guthrum's forces. By the end of the 9th century, all of the Anglo-Danish rulers were minting coins too. This they did, spending the rest of 877 (by the Gregorian calendar) in Gloucester (in the kingdom of Mercia). After the victory, when the Danes had taken refuge in the fortress, the West Saxons removed all food that the Danes might be able to capture in a sortie, and waited. Total War. [18][19][23] There, on an unknown date between 6 and 12 May,[24] they fought the Danes. Which Anglo-Saxon king stopped the Viking invasion of England at the Battle of Edington in 878 A.D.? Ivar then took his last breath as both his and Alfred's army ceased hostilities. The Battle of Barry is a legendary battle in which the Scots, purportedly led by Malcolm II, defeated a Danish invasion force in 1010 AD. By May he was ready to attack again and encountered Guthrum's Danes at Edington, near Westbury on the Wiltshire downs. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. With his small warband, a fraction of his army at Chippenham, Alfred could not hope to retake the town from the Danes, who had in previous battles (for example at Reading in 871) proved themselves adept at defending fortified positions. Battle of the Spurs:1 Fought in 1302 near Courtrai, Belgium, between the rebellious Flemish towns, led by Bruges, and an army sen, Vimeiro Alfred seems at this time to have ineffectually chased the Danes around Wessex, while the Danes were in a position to do as they pleased. However, the system of military reforms and the Burghal Hidage introduced by Edward the Elder enabled Alfred's successors to retake control of the lands occupied in the North of England by the Danes.[59][60]. [15] This they did, spending the rest of 877 (by the Gregorian calendar) in Gloucester (in the kingdom of Mercia). In May 878 in Edington, there was a greatest battle of this war. As the mele continued, Alfred had a vision of Jesus Christ, which convinced him that their God was with them. On the Norse side, a few catapults had been erected. Once a sufficient force of levies had been raised, they marched to Edington, where Alfred engaged Guthrum's warriors in one final, definitive battle. The converted Guthrum took the baptismal name of Athelstan. When the battle begins, the Saxons use their shield wall strategy to slowly advance, which allows them to gain ground. Depicting scenes recorded using the strategy game A Total War Saga: THRONES OF BRITANNIA, the British studio Creative Assembly have made a short documentary charting the rise and fall of the Anglo Saxons, between Alfred the Great's victory over the Viking invaders at the battle of Edington, to King Harold's demise at the Battle of Hastings. Edington, battle of, 878 Eggmuhl, battle of , 22 April 1809 Eilbote (Courier), Operation, 18 January-February 1943 El Agheila or Mersa Brega, battle of, 12-18 December 1942 El Alamein, first battle of, 1-27 July 1942 El Alamein, second battle of, 23 October-4 November 1942 Elandslaagte, battle of, 21 October 1899 Elba, battle of, 28 August 1652 The Battle of Edington is a decisive military engagement. The following year the army went to East Anglia, where it settled. The Viking siege under Rollo . All over the battlefield, warriors were dying in droves and heads flew, but no side seemed to really take the upper hand. He overthrew the Pagans with great slaughter, and smiting the fugitives, he pursued them as far as the fortress.". In 835, "heathen men" ravaged Sheppey. A version of the Life, written in about 1000 and known as the Cotton Otho A.xii text, lasted until 1731, when it was destroyed in the fire at Ashburnham House. This was even truer after the Twelfth Night attack. Vikings-English Wars the battle is often cited as the point of origin for english nationalism: historians such as michael livingston argue that "the men who fought and died on that field forged a political map of the future that remains [in modernity], arguably making the battle of brunanburh one of the most significant battles in the long history not just of King Alfred Bishop Aldulf Alfred gains his army. Battle of Edington - Battle in Wiltshire at which Alfred the Great defeated a Danish army, forcing them to withdraw from Wessex into East Anglia Battle of Edington, 878 Home - Book Shop - Wars - Battles - Biographies - Timeline - Weapons - Blog - Full Index - Subjects - Concepts - Country - Documents - Pictures & Maps Wessex therefore remained unconquered but was still the target for Viking incursions. Strength . [57] The agreement also defined the social classes of Danish East Anglia and their equivalents in Wessex. [25] It is believed that Asser's Life was originally written in 893; however, no contemporary manuscript survives. There, on an unknown date between 6 and 12 May, they fought the Danes. The event takes place in Season 6 Episode 20, The Last Act. Please join us now and help preserve these priceless historical sites for everyone to understand and enjoy. Omissions? Chronology The alternative sites were generally name based, although with the large interest in everything Alfredian in the 19th century, any site that had an Alfred connection could be guaranteed large amounts of tourists, so this was also a driving force to find a link. The primary sources for the location of the battle are Asser's Life of King Alfred, which names the place as "Ethandun" and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which has Eandun. He made several attacks on Wessex, starting in 875, and in the last nearly captured Alfred in his winter fortress at Chippenham. Although these articles may currently differ in style from others on the site, they allow us to provide wider coverage of topics sought by our readers, through a diverse range of trusted voices. Battle of Ethandun 878. King Alfred, meanwhile, was informed of this incoming invasion and decided to evacuate his capital of Winchester and to join his strong garrison at Chichester. The West Saxon Army, now bolstered with fresh reinforcements from the Chichester garrison and Mercian soldiers, began moving towards the valley of Edington, where Ivar had stationed his troops to fight. As the fighting raged around him, Ivar pleaded to the gods for help, but once again a few of his bones broke. This post on the Battle of Ethandun is adapted from, and provides additional materials for, my book, King Alfred: A Man on the Move, available from Amazon and book shops. At the Battle of Edington, an army of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex under Alfred the Great defeated the Great Heathen Army led by the Dane Guthrum on a date between 6 and 12 May 878, resulting in the Treaty of Wedmore later the same Year. Also in 879, according to Asser, another Viking army sailed up the River Thames and wintered at Fulham in Middlesex. In January 878, during the Christmas festival, Guthrum and his army of cavalry raiderssurprised Alfred at his royal estate at Chippenham, nearly ending Alfred there and then. Three weeks after the battle, Guthrum was baptised at Aller in Somerset with Alfred as his sponsor. This started in 875 when Guthrum's army "eluded the West Saxon levies and got into Wareham". Today, we would most likely be speaking a derivative of Old Norse, and England, the land of the Angles, would never have come into existence. [20] Internal disunity was threatening to tear the Danes apart, and they needed time to reorganize. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Both sides fight each other. The Battle of Edington is a decisive military engagement. Alfred succeeded in forcing the Danes to withdraw to Mercia, but the reprieve was brief. However, the brothers managed to regain the confidence of the Kattegat civilians and Ivar convinced King Harald to attack Wessex and conquer England once and for all. Battle of Edington Conflict Viking invasions in England Date 12 May 878 Place Edington, Wiltunscire, Kingdom of Wessex Outcome Wessex victory Combatants Kingdom of Wessex Danelaw Vikings Commanders Alfred the Great Guthrum Strength 2,000-6,000 ~4,000 Casualties Unknown Thousands In 878 Anglo-Saxon England was on the verge of annihilation. The indicates that the character died during the battle. A great famine soon followed these tokens; and a little after that, in the same year, on the 6th before the Ides of January, the ravaging of heathen men lamentably destroyed God's church at Lindisfarne through rapine and slaughter.". The agreement also defined the social classes of Danish East Anglia and their equivalents in Wessex. Until a scholarly consensus linked the battle site with the present-day village of Edington in Wiltshire, it was known as the Battle of Ethandun. Guthrum, with two other unnamed kings, "departed for Cambridge in East Anglia". Fought on 14 October at what is now Battle (Sussex), where William the Conqueror ordered the construct, Battle of Northampton [29][30], The reasoning to support the Eandun of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and the Ethandun of Asser's Life being Edington in Wiltshire is derived from a trail of information from ancient manuscripts. Only the victory of Alfred the Great at Edington saved Anglo-Saxon independence. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}511550N 020834W / 51.26389N 2.14278W / 51.26389; -2.14278. There he built a fort that he used as a base for guerrilla warfare, while building up his forces. Battle of Edington. By 878, Guthrum was no longer supported by other Danish leaders such as Ivar the . At the gathering place for the great Saxon army, thelwold abandons his assassination attempt and joins Alfred at the top of the hill, watching as thousands of swords of Wessex answer the war call. Chastened - but not yet broken - the Norse warlords have . A victory for Guthrum would have ended the last Anglo-Saxon kingdom. Hvitserk himself showed remarkable skill, cutting down dozens of Saxons while Alfred took down some Norse fighters. Their leader: Alfred the Great. In four months, the harshness of winter can be replaced by the the bright warmth of . Meanwhile, Hvitserk, after cutting down several Saxon warriors despite receiving several injuries, gradually began to tire and struggled to fight on. Over 2,500 Warriors deathsKing HaraldIvar the Boneless In the 700s AD, the lands we now know as England were divided. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. YouTube. It was where Alfred the Great managed to defeat the Viking army and reclaim his kingdom. Danish army was placed at the medium size hill. The Domesday Book of 1086 has an entry for Romsey Abbey holding land at Edendone in the county of Wiltshire at the time of Edward the Confessor (before 1066) and also in 1086, and this is known to be at Edington, Wiltshire. 867: Macedonian Renaissance. (January 18, 2023). The Danes settled into their new kingdoms, the Danelaw, and a general peace existed for over ten years. All that's known about the location of the battle is that it was at a place called Eandun somewhere in southern England (current thinking places it at the Edington in Wiltshire). In addition, Ealdorman Aethelred Mucel of Mercia's son Aethelred led an experienced Mercian contingent to join the West Saxons. Icelandic Saga Map; slendingasgur; Vlsunga saga; Ohthere and Wulfstan at the Court of King Alfred. The Yorkist leadership fled abroad after its ignominious and precipitate f, Battle of the Spurs Soon after his coronation, Ivar and Hvitserk, having deposed Prince Oleg in Kiev with the help of his brother Prince Dir, returned to Kattegat, but they were mocked and spat upon for their treachery. Battle of Ethandun 878. Alfred and a handful of followers, pursued by some of Guthrum's best warriors, fled west into the marshlands of the Somerset Levels, setting up his base on the island of Athelney and preparing to make a final stand with his last 400 followers. The previous engagement has thinned both armies, but considerable numbers on either side were involved. Alfred stood to lose everything. There had previously been conflicting accounts of the location of the clash, which took place in AD 937, varying from South Yorkshire to Scotland. However, the location has been much debated over the centuries. anno 878 Battle of Edington; anno 878 continued; Battle of Maldon; Lindisfarne 793; Overwintering; Raids 789 - 839; Raids 840 - 850; Raids 851 - 861; Raids 861 - 878; Viking Ring Fortresses. Primary sources locate the battle at "Eandun".Until a scholarly consensus linked the battle site with the present-day village of Edington in Wiltshire, it was . Guthrum, the Viking leader, retreated with the remnants of his army to their "stronghold", where Alfred besieged him.After fourteen days the Vikings "thoroughly terrified by hunger, cold and fear" sought peace and sent an emissary to Alfred. Vimeiro, battle of, 1808. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Edington, Wiltshire, United Kingdom, England, N 51 16' 32'', W 2 6' 23'', map, Timeless Map published in 2021. Map from Laborde's original 1925 paper suggesting the location of the Battle of Maldon. The location of Ashdown is not known, but may be Kingstanding Hill [a] in Berkshire. Reinvading Wessex, they captured Wareham and, in 877, occupied Exeter. . Those soldiers were maimed and injured, forcing Alfred to order his second and third lines to help the injured. Alternatives to Edington, Wiltshire, have been suggested since early times. Statue of Alfred the Great at Winchester. T. 19. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. UNVEILED BY THE 7TH MARQUESS OF BATH 5TH NOVEMBER 2000. The kingdom of Mercia was divided up, with part going to Alfred's Wessex and the other part to Guthrum's East Anglia. [5], The raiding continued and with each year became more intense. [19] After two weeks, the hungry Danes sued for peace, giving Alfred "preliminary hostages and solemn oaths that they would leave his kingdom immediately", just as usual, but in addition promising that Guthrum would be baptized. We ascend the eighteenth-century 'Alfred's Tower', overlooking this ancient landscape, and then continue to the ancient Bratton Camp with its White Horse and stunning views, near the small Wiltshire village of Edington, to discuss the most likely site of the bloody battle of Ethandun, which saw Alfred's 878 victory. The battle turned into a bloodbath as both sides fought to gain any advantage. [55] Guthrum reigned as king in East Anglia until his death in 890, and although this period was not always peaceful he was not considered a threat. In the 19th century there was a resurgence in interest of medieval history and King Alfred was seen as a major hero. It depicts the confrontation between the Vikings led by Ivar and King Harald and the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Wessex. A Total War Saga: Thrones of Britannia. The Battle of Edington was one of the most important battles in English history. The Great Heathen Army, which was formed to avenge the death of Ragnar Lothbrok, had smashed the Saxon . A significant Iron Age hillfort near Edington is called, "Alfred the Great and The Battle of Edington", "Viking Tide: Alfred the Great during the Danish Invasions", Asser's Life of King Alfred: Asserius De Rebus Gestis lfredi, "The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: An Electronic Edition (Vol 1) literary edition", "The Electronic Sawyer an online version of the revised edition of Sawyer's Anglo-Saxon Charters section one [S 1-1602]", "On the Barrow at Lanhill near Chippenham; and on the Battles of Cynuit and Ethandun", Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine. This page was last updated at 2022-12-24 07:00 UTC. These articles have not yet undergone the rigorous in-house editing or fact-checking and styling process to which most Britannica articles are customarily subjected. At the Battle of Edington, an army of the kingdom of Wessex under Alfred the Great defeated the Great Heathen Army led by the Dane Guthrum on a date between 6 and 12 May 878, resulting in the Treaty of Wedmore later the same year. In the meantime, more information about the article and the author can be found by clicking on the authors name. Ahead of battle, Alfred, who used to fear his men did not see him as a warrior, strays from his godly sermons to deliver a passionate speech and rally his men. The Edington family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. It tried to provide a framework that would minimise conflict and regulate commerce between the two peoples. Many of the men in the counties around (Somerset . A map of the area around the battle positions Battle of Borodino summary. This site may or may not be it. Further Danish forces had settled on the land before Guthrum attacked Wessex: in East Anglia, and in Mercia between the treaty at Exeter and the attack on Chippenham; many others were lost in a storm off Swanage in 876877, with 120 ships wrecked. At the other end of the country, in the Kingdom of Northumbria, during 793 the holy island of Lindisfarne was raided..mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, "This year dire forwarnings came over the land of the Northhumbrians, and miserably terrified the people; these were excessive whirlwinds, and lightnings; and fiery dragons were seen flying in the air. Styling process to which most Britannica articles are customarily subjected of Edington is a decisive military engagement wall to. As a base for guerrilla warfare, while building up his forces of! 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