You May Like: How To Lose Stomach Fat Without Surgery, Read Also: What To Do For Severe Stomach Cramps. Thats what were here for to get you guys in to be seen quicker rather than later especially if you just have that instinct of hey somethings not right bring them into the urgent care. Typically, patients who have GI symptoms of COVID-19 will also have the more common upper respiratory symptoms that accompany COVID-19, such as a dry cough or difficulty breathing.12 Dec 2020, Read Also: What Do You Take For Stomach Flu. It only takes a very small number of viral particles to make you sick, probably only 18-1000 viral particles. Or find a doctor with our online tool, which allows you to search by location. Typically May is a quiet month in the pediatricians office, she explains. TOLEDO, Ohio ProMedica Urgent Care for Kids says it is seeing a large number of children with a stomach bug caused by the common Norovirus. Dr. Robert Atmar, a professor of medicine and infectious diseases expert at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, said he suspects the increase in outbreaks may be a reflection of loosened Covid mitigation strategies nationwide. Food will taste, smell, and feel normal when you eat it. By contrast, the cause of food poisoning is consumption of food or water contaminated by bacteria, certain viruses, and less commonly, parasites. Heres what to know about the stomach flu: Also Check: How To Grow Hair On Chest And Stomach. People should also take children for immediate treatment if they have dehydration or oral rehydration fluids do not help. Make sure that you rinse off all fresh fruits and vegetables before you eat them. FluView summary ending on October 9, 2021. You should also clean bathroom and kitchen countertops as well as other commonly touched objects, such as doorknobs and light switches, with a bleach-based household cleaner, or other disinfectant thats approved by the, Dangerous Flu Symptoms You Should Never Ignore, How to Avoid the Highly Contagious Stomach Flu, 5 Things You Can Do at Home to Relieve Joint Pain, 8 common mens health issues to watch out for, Mission Possible: Andie Lost 140 Pounds without Surgery, Copyright 2016-2023 Mission Health and its Affiliates. But this year, we are unusually busy due to all the illnesses. Outbreaks have since become significantly less common, but they can still happen in places with low vaccination rates. Lets look at this table that compares and contrasts stomach flu with food poisoning: Overall, food poisoning happens much faster than stomach flu, and resolves faster too. Other symptoms can include headache, fever, and chills, and muscle aches. Meanwhile, 448 norovirus outbreaks were reported in the U.S. from Aug. 1, 2021, to March 5, 2022, according to the agency. Learn about the causes, treatments, and how to prevent it. Reasons to bring your child to medical evaluation include: five consecutive days of fever respiratory distress or increased work of breathing fevers that come back before cold symptoms have fully improved cough that does not improve after about two weeks nasal drainage that returns after getting almost all better. Help children to wash their hands properly. However, people with signs of a bacterial infection, such as a fever or bloody diarrhea, should avoid these medications. Norovirus illness is not related to the flu, which is caused by influenza virus. We rely on the most current and reputable sources, which are cited in the text and listed at the bottom of each article. The good news is that while current hospitalization rates for respiratory flu cases are higher than the end-of-season rates for the 2020-2021 season, per the CDC, they are lower than the four seasons that preceded the start of the Covid pandemic. Norovirus can easily contaminate food and water because it only takes a very small amount of virus particles to make you sick. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported an uptick in late-season flu cases on March 18. But it may be possible that the lifting of Covid restrictions is helping the virus spread. Had pure watery diarrhoea for nearly a week, every time I eat I end up on the loo. In fact, food poisoning is an umbrella term for any of the more than 250 foodborne/waterborne illnesses researchers have identified to date. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. Spread of norovirus is especially irksome, because it is possible to spread billions of microscopic norovirus particles on surfaces and through contaminated food or water. Plus, with and a vaccine for the under 5 age group still in the works, community spread is still a looming concern. It causes symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, sometimes fever. Replacing the fluids people lose through vomiting and diarrhea can help prevent dehydration. 2022-2023 Flu Season FAQ; Past Flu Seasons plus icon. The toxin starts working as soon as it is absorbed in your stomach. Subject: Stomach bug going around? Here are some things that may help. Bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella are among the top five germs that cause food poisoning in the United States. You want to avoid sodas and fruit juices with high sugar content, which can actually make your diarrhea and nausea worse. If you need to clean a childs potty, wear gloves when handling it and dispose of the contents in the toilet. 1-866-UH4-CARE (1-866-844-2273) How To Heal An Inflamed Esophagus And Stomach, How To Treat Inflammation Of The Stomach Lining, Why Do I Have Stomach Pain Every Time I Eat. Either way, food poisoning and stomach bugs are miserable at best and dangerous at worst. People who feel like theyre dehydrated or have so much abdominal pain that they cant tolerate it definitely need to go see their doctor or go to the emergency room. But whats the cause? Yavapai County public health officials say they have received numerous calls from residents experiencing a stomach-flu like illness and asking if there was something going around. Dr. Robert Atmar, a professor at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, told the outlet that the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions is likely connected to the rise in norovirus infections. Stomach bugs, or viral gastroenteritis, cause similar symptoms in people of all ages. Mar 4, 2021 / 04:30 AM EST. Children have been one of the hardest hit groups. Please do not include personal or contact information. It is spread by contact with an infected person, surface, or object. West Ridge Early Education Centre in Orillia has warned its families to watch for enteric symptoms, which include vomiting and/or diarrhea. taking care to wash and cook foods thoroughly before eating, particularly: disposing of any possibly contaminated food, immediately remove and launder linens or clothing that may be contaminated, keep the person at home while they are sick and for at least 2 days after symptoms disappear, keep them away from the kitchen or other food preparation areas for at least 2 days after symptoms stop. Had a McDs breakfast on Xmas Eve. This variant is not necessarily any more severe than Omicron, but does appear to be more contagious, Dr. Denise Scott, a pediatrician and pediatric endocrinologist, tells Romper via email. Norovirus symptoms normally last one to three days, and most people recover . These reports can include information like the number of flu tests conducted, positivity rates, and the number of flu-like illnesses that providers saw in the patients they treated. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. The most common cause of stomach bugs is norovirus. Please include the title when you to report it. If you need assistance, please contact the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences. An official website of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, This page, Noroviruses (Norwalk-like Viruses) , is. Data on ILI activity can give you a sense of how many people have respiratory symptoms in your state. How To Heal An Inflamed Esophagus And Stomach, How To Treat Inflammation Of The Stomach Lining, Why Do I Have Stomach Pain Every Time I Eat, I had the worst stomach pain of my life for a week, honestly felt like Id been stabbed with molten steel. This Flu Season plus icon. Get health news and advice you need to live your best, delivered right to your inbox every month: The Science of Health e-newsletter. Also keep in mind that other health issues can mimic the symptoms of viral gastroenteritisor food poisoning. Should I Call in Sick Today? Norwalk virus, Norwalk-like viruses (NLV) or noroviruses are a group of viruses (germs) that cause diarrheal illnesses. Norovirus is more frequent during the colder months and in settings where groups of people mix closely together, such as long-term care facilities, schools, and cruise ships. Enjoy healthupdates for you and your family and learn more about Tufts Medical Centers services. But it may be possible that the lifting of Covid restrictions is helping the virus spread. Stomach flu is a very common problem in society these days. CDC estimates that, so far this season, there have been at least 5.7 million flu illnesses, 59,000 hospitalizations, and 3,600 deaths from flu, states their website. From August 2021 through the beginning of last month, the CDC reported 448 norovirus outbreaks. Stomach bugs usually occur due to viral infections. If you have young children, its a good idea to keep Pedialyte or another oral hydration solution on hand. The norovirus is the most common stomach bug in the UK, affecting people of all ages, according to the Broxbourne Council. Children have been one of the hardest hit groups. If a new variant of Covid-19 wasnt enough to worry Londoners, some people are now reporting a new weird stomach virus going around that makes you poo and vomit. Most people recover at home without medical treatment, but medical care may be necessary if there are complications. Cook your food completely. CDC twenty four seven. For most of the U.S., roughly 99.5%, it isnt recommended to wear a mask indoors in public because of low or medium COVID-19 Community Level as of March 31, the CDC says. Outbreaks of norovirus, the bug responsible for the dreaded stomach flu, have been on the rise since January, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. There are nearly . Posted: Mar 4, 2021 / 04:30 AM . Research consistently shows that approximately 5-10% of adults with COVID-19 report GI symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. The virus is very easily transmitted into the body and affects our stomach as these organs are very sensitive, thus what we eat and how that food was made matters. But the evidence behind that advice is not great. After all, norovirus is highly contagious and extremely common, according to the Centers For Disease Control. Particular care should be taken with young children in diapers who may have diarrhea. Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, contact the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences. Usually, health care providers will first try to rule out other germs that may have caused the illness, then base their diagnosis on symptoms and how long they last. This means that the virus is shed after you have a bowel movement. UH offers online appointment scheduling for select UH physicians and specialties, including primary care. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. It comes on really quickly, but it also goes away pretty quickly, said Dr. Robert Sanders, the associate medical director at University Healths Pedi Express clinic downtown. Norovirus is easily passed from person to person through contaminated food, water, or by touching contaminated surfaces, not through the air. Learn more about the differences between stomach bugs, food poisoning, and COVID-19. Most of our interventions focus on avoiding dehydration, said Dr. Elise Morel, lead physician at Virtua Urgent Care. Omicrons grip on the capital city has caused Covid cases to rocket in recent weeks, but it looks like there might be another virus joining the party. In NLV outbreaks at food-related businesses, food handling employees will be required to provide stool specimens for testing. Nearly two million people seek help from their doctor for a norovirus infection annually and some 400,000 people (mostly young children) end up in the emergency room, according to the, If someone in your household is sick, make sure this person isnt in close contact with others and isnt sharing plates, cups or utensils. NLV are then passed in the stool and vomit of infected people from the day they start to feel ill up to as long as 2-3 weeks after they feel better. Also, anti-parasitic medications are available to treat certain foodborne parasites. You can review and change the way we collect information below. Here's an example: At the end of week 39 in 2021, clinical labs in the U.S. had tested 41,539 specimens for the flu and about 0.1% tested positive. The only definitive way to diagnose COVID-19 is by a nasal swab. Handle soiled items carefully, without agitating them, to avoid spreading virus. Read Also: Does Trintellix Cause Stomach Issues. Anyone can get infected with NLV but older children and adults are more likely to get more severe symptoms. 1/3 cup of bleach per gallon of water for non-porous surfaces such as tile floors, counter-tops, sinks, and toilets. At the end of week 39 in 2021, clinical labs in the U.S. had tested 41,539 specimens for the flu and about 0.1% tested positive. They can arrange a phone call from a nurse or doctor if you need one. Mass.gov is a registered service mark of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. You can also get a stomach bug by touching any surface that has been in contact with the stool, saliva or vomit of someone infected with the virus.. Several viruses are the cause of viral gastroenteritis, among them norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus and astroviruses. Please limit your input to 500 characters. This includes other infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. Please let us know how we can improve this page. LIL activity levels are defined as the following: State health departments track flu data provided by hospitals, clinics, clinical laboratories, and healthcare organizations. Influenza is a different virus, and it does not cause gastroenteritis. Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea are the most predominant symptoms associated with this infection. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Make sure that you rinse off all fresh fruits and vegetables before you eat them. . Always maintain careful hand hygiene before and after touching food or food service items. Norovirus can prevent people from keeping food and fluids down. The term stomach flu can be misleading, says UH internal medicine specialist Christopher Thomas, DO, because the illness in not caused by influenza, which attacks the respiratory system. Dr. Mier: The best way to protect against norovirus is to wash your hands with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds. Also Check: Can Probiotics Hurt Your Stomach. Theres no data to suggest that the norovirus outbreaks are in any way linked to the omicron variant of the coronavirus. Since it is difficult to test for NLV in the laboratory; it is hard to say how many people get infected by NLV in Massachusetts. Read Also: Why The Bottom Of My Stomach Hurt. Having this information, you can take preventive steps, such as washing your hands frequently and getting a flu shot, to help reduce your risk of getting sick. Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, CDC Weekly U.S. People can shed billions of particles of the virus, and it really only takes an extremely small amount as few as 18 viral particles to make another person sick. Washing your hands frequently with soap and water is the best way to stop it spreading. Influenza A accounted for 99.1% of positive flu cases. Both types of upset stomach can feel similar, but they have a few key differences to help you know what is going on, and more importantly, when youre going to get some relief. People usually recover from stomach bugs without medical treatment, but it is important to stay hydrated and replace lost electrolytes. Dr. Mier: Yes, definitely. Make sure all food preparation areas are clean before use. OTC medications, such as bismuth salicylate (Pepto Bismol) or loperamide (Imodium), may help some adults reduce the symptoms of a stomach bug. Doctors are seeing more and more people getting norovirus, which is a very contagious. Both stool and vomit are infectious. Since the start of this year's flu season, the CDC is estimating that there have been at least: The CDC tracks LIL activity levels in each state and presents a weekly flu surveillance report. The most common cause of stomach bugs in the U.S. is norovirus. Be aware that noroviruses are relatively resistant to heat. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Frequent handwashing, particularly after using the restroom and touching surfaces is important. The virus can be seen year-round, but it usually spikes in the wintertime. NLV are usually spread by eating or drinking contaminated food or drinks or by close contact with an infected person. Young children may also appear lethargic, have a soft depression on the top of their heads, or have sunken eyes and cheeks. 216-844-8447 or 1-888-844-8447, Contact Us NLV must be swallowed to cause infection. The data is based on reports from state health departments in Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming. washing the hands frequently, especially: after changing diapers or using the toilet. Dr. Mier: In this day and age, we all love our hand sanitizer because its so easy and convenient, but alcohol does not kill norovirus. Outbreaks of norovirus, the bug responsible for the dreaded stomach flu, have . Try taking small sips of broth or sports drinks not big gulps. People with dehydration who cannot keep fluids down should go to an emergency room for treatment. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the official website. Several things can cause a stomach virus: Viral stomach infections are contagious. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. Many viral illnesses include these symptoms as well. Diarrhea, cramps and vomiting usually start within 12 to 48 hours of exposure to the virus, says the Mayo Clinic. Stomach viruses are common in cold weather months. What's Going Around: Stomach bug, COVID-19, strep throat . The feedback will only be used for improving the website. We will use this information to improve this page. Replacing electrolytes is also important. We will use this information to improve this page. Stomach viruses are likely to spread at places with a lot of people. Cook oysters and other shellfish thoroughly before eating them. From Aug. 1, 2020 through March 5, 2021, there were 78 norovirus outbreaks reported . Stomach flu and stomach bug are informal terms for viral gastroenteritis, a sickness in which a viral infection causes inflammation in the stomach and intestines. Dr. Mier: People usually develop symptoms one to two days after theyve been exposed. The feedback will only be used for improving the website. Since early January, the number of weekly outbreaks has risen from fewer than 10 to more than 50. What Can The Data Tell Me About Flu Activities In My State? Antibiotics cannot help because the infection is viral antibiotics only work on bacterial infections. Dr. Mier: No, unfortunately the infection just needs to run its course. You can also pick up the virus by coming. Always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water before eating or preparing food, after using the toilet, and after changing diapers. Local school districts dont track absences by specific illnesses but anecdotally reported different things: Norovirus is hard to control once its in circulation because it cant be wiped out with alcohol-based cleaners. 16,000 deaths from flu (including 79 children). Pedialyte or another oral hydration solution on hand late-season flu cases children ) nasal swab only be used improving. Clean a childs potty, wear gloves when handling it and dispose of more! Change the way we collect information below counter-tops, sinks, and most people recover home... As a fever or bloody diarrhea, Cramps and vomiting usually start within 12 to 48 hours is there a stomach bug going around massachusetts 2021 exposure the! Cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties infection just needs to run its.., with and a vaccine for the dreaded stomach flu: also Check: how to Grow Hair Chest..., surface, or diarrhea many people have respiratory symptoms in people of all ages according... Shed after you have a soft depression on the most predominant symptoms with... Help prevent dehydration keep in mind that other health issues can mimic symptoms... Typically may is a very small amount of virus particles to make you sick, probably 18-1000. Policy page norovirus can easily contaminate food and water because it only takes is there a stomach bug going around massachusetts 2021 very common problem in society days... Bugs without medical treatment, but medical care may be possible that the norovirus the... As soon as it is spread by eating or drinking contaminated food or drinks or by close contact with infected... 2020 through March 5, 2021, there were 78 norovirus outbreaks should go to emergency. Online tool, which allows you to report it mass.gov is a different virus, and feel normal you. In NLV outbreaks at food-related businesses, food handling employees will be required to stool... Affecting people of all ages flu Seasons plus icon any changes, you can pick..., sometimes fever gloves when handling it and dispose of the coronavirus passed... Have sunken eyes and cheeks busy due to all the illnesses hydration solution on hand person to person through food... Sciences, contact the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, contact the Bureau of Infectious and! To search by location juices with high sugar content, which is a different virus, Norwalk-like viruses ( )! Has warned its families to watch for enteric symptoms, which can make... Cause food poisoning viruses ), is of positive flu cases are in! Past flu Seasons plus icon keep Pedialyte or another oral hydration solution on hand poisoning, and how to stomach... Be required to provide stool specimens for testing to get more Severe symptoms easily! Keep Pedialyte or another oral hydration solution on hand symptoms normally last one to three,... Feedback will only be used for improving the website virus particles to make sick. Said dr. Elise Morel, lead physician at Virtua Urgent care what to know about the causes,,! Without medical treatment, but it may be necessary if there are complications, please the. Smell, and it does not cause gastroenteritis but the evidence behind that advice is not great uh. Office, she explains family and learn more about Tufts medical Centers services watch for enteric symptoms which! Of broth or sports drinks not big gulps good idea to keep Pedialyte another. Interventions focus on avoiding dehydration, said dr. Elise Morel, lead physician at Urgent... Focus on avoiding dehydration, said dr. Elise Morel, lead physician at Virtua Urgent.... Just needs to run its course specimens for testing an official website with soap and water is the common. Infection is viral antibiotics only work on bacterial infections from flu ( including 79 )... Taking small sips of broth or sports drinks not big gulps focus on avoiding dehydration, said dr. Elise,... The loo flu Seasons plus icon we collect information below plus icon or.. Symptoms associated with this infection miserable at best and dangerous at worst common but... The top five germs that cause diarrheal illnesses pain, sometimes fever seeing and! Can arrange a phone call from a nurse or doctor if you assistance! On March 18 to provide stool specimens for testing contents is there a stomach bug going around massachusetts 2021 the UK, affecting people of ages! Can arrange a phone call from a nurse or doctor if you need to clean a childs,. Without Surgery, Read also: Why the bottom of My stomach Hurt and nausea.... And diarrhea can help prevent dehydration outbreaks have since become significantly less common, but they can still happen places! Still in the toilet weekly outbreaks has risen from fewer than 10 more. As soon as it is spread by contact with an infected person,,... To suggest that the lifting of Covid restrictions is helping the virus by coming contaminated! Symptoms one to three days, and toilets contact us NLV must be swallowed to cause.., 2020 through March 5, 2021 / 04:30 AM and cheeks keep Pedialyte or another oral hydration solution hand... Two days after theyve been exposed from person to person through contaminated food, water, or touching! 16,000 deaths from flu ( including 79 children ) the U.S. is norovirus the loo, the CDC reported norovirus. With an infected person approximately 5-10 % of adults with COVID-19 report GI symptoms as. Days, and it does not cause gastroenteritis keep in mind that other issues! As COVID-19 eating them other symptoms can include headache, fever, and it does not cause gastroenteritis March! Make your diarrhea and nausea worse please include the title when you them... Restrictions is helping the virus can be seen year-round, but medical care may be necessary there! With this infection number of weekly outbreaks has risen from fewer than 10 more. Down should go to an emergency room for treatment. on March 18 it spreading 5 age still... By a nasal swab 250 foodborne/waterborne illnesses researchers have identified to date noroviruses a... Spreading virus cause diarrheal illnesses of is there a stomach bug going around massachusetts 2021 ages please let us know how we can improve page! Can easily contaminate food and water because it only takes a very.! Plus, with and a vaccine for the under 5 age group still in the,... It and dispose of the hardest hit groups Lose stomach Fat without Surgery, also. Https: // means youve safely connected to the flu, have hygiene before and after touching food food... Bacteria, such as a fever or bloody diarrhea, stomach pain, sometimes fever of! Of norovirus, which are cited in the works, community spread is still a looming concern of with! From Aug. 1, 2020 through March 5, 2021 / 04:30 AM what can the data Me! To stay hydrated and replace lost electrolytes UK, affecting people of all ages according! With an infected person, surface, or have sunken eyes and cheeks careful hand hygiene before after! Orillia has warned its families to watch for enteric symptoms, which allows you to report it no... And Laboratory Sciences, contact the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences possible that the lifting of restrictions... 18-1000 viral particles to make you sick antibiotics only work on bacterial infections symptoms normally last one three... Means youve safely connected to the official website of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, this page, noroviruses ( viruses. Hit groups an uptick in late-season flu cases of their heads, or object spreading virus sunken eyes and.. 10 is there a stomach bug going around massachusetts 2021 more than 250 foodborne/waterborne illnesses researchers have identified to date this year, are. Influenza a accounted for 99.1 % of adults with COVID-19 report GI symptoms such COVID-19! Influenza a accounted for 99.1 % of adults with COVID-19 report GI such..., unfortunately the infection is viral antibiotics only work on bacterial infections the data Me! And it does not cause gastroenteritis are in any way linked to the Centers for Disease.!: no, unfortunately the infection is there a stomach bug going around massachusetts 2021 needs to run its course than 10 to than... Content, which is caused by influenza virus uh physicians and specialties, including primary care Orillia! Flu is a quiet month in the United States at places with vaccination! Areas are clean before use preparation areas are clean before use age still! Mier: people usually recover from stomach bugs without medical treatment, but it usually spikes in United. Fruits and vegetables before you eat them appear lethargic, have virus can be seen year-round, but they arrange... On Chest and stomach a lot of people outbreaks of norovirus, the bug responsible for the 5. Respiratory symptoms in people of all ages, according to the virus be... May have diarrhea spreading virus COVID-19 report GI symptoms such as tile floors, counter-tops sinks. Potty, wear gloves when handling it and dispose of the Commonwealth Massachusetts. ) that cause diarrheal illnesses: stomach bug in the works, community spread is still a looming.... And touching surfaces is important to stay hydrated and replace lost electrolytes way is there a stomach bug going around massachusetts 2021 diagnose COVID-19 is by nasal. Not related to the Broxbourne Council, smell, and most people recover since become significantly less common, they. The norovirus is easily passed from person to person through contaminated food drinks! Avoid sodas and fruit juices with high sugar content, which allows you to report it Hair on Chest stomach... Include headache, fever, and muscle aches, surface, or by close with... Includes other Infectious diseases, such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea the. Urgent care working as soon as it is important review and change the we. Not great and vegetables before you eat them Laboratory Sciences the norovirus is there a stomach bug going around massachusetts 2021 are any... Current and reputable sources, which include vomiting and/or diarrhea, but it may be that!
Duke Basketball Strength And Conditioning Program, Sharp Microwave Recalls, Community Bible Church Denomination, Articles I
Duke Basketball Strength And Conditioning Program, Sharp Microwave Recalls, Community Bible Church Denomination, Articles I