The political cartoonist Thomas Nast, who was a Lincoln-loving, abolition-advocating, Union-supporting Republican from New York published his first Santa on Jan. 3, 1861 in Harper's Weekly.. When Dutch settlers arrived in the American colonies, they brought their love of Sinterklaas, as they call him, with them. (Image by Alamy) Santa Claus, as drawn by Thomas Nast and, increasingly, by many others, became the standard bearer of the newly defined secular part of Christmas. Santa Claus speaking to a child on the telephone, based on a Thomas Nast illustration. Pre Janvier, Father Christmas, Christkindl, Santa Claus Whatever name you happen to give him, Santa and his origins still spur controversy. These immigrants, founders of Nieuw Amsterdam (the future New York), introduced Sinterklaas in their new homeland. Abolitionist cartoonist Thomas Nast had a big role in manufacturing the US version of the Christmas patriarch. The depictions are so similar that some Americans think the Coca Cola Company actually invented Santa. In 1860 he went to England for the New York Illustrated News and in the same year went to Italy to cover Giuseppe Garibaldis revolt for The Illustrated London News and American publications. ", "One Less Vote." The stylistic representation of Santa that is so widely recognized in the U.S. today with a fluffy white beard, giant belt buckle and bright red cheeks was further molded by none other than the Coca-Cola Co. Thomas Nast: Learn About the Man Behind Santa Claus, Christmas Eve Santa Claus Waiting for the Children to Get to Sleep by Thomas Nast, Emancipation of the Negroes The Past and the Future by Thomas Nast, Can the Law Reach Him? IsThisProtecting Life, Liberty, or Property? To accomplish the desired level of realism, Sundblom hired his affable friend and neighbor Lou Prentiss to model. While the roots of the Santa story go back hundreds of years it is undeniable that the soft drink companys advertising campaigns around the Christmas holidays embedded their image of Santa firmly in the nations imagination. Nasts Santa Claus clothes were neither red (as Coca-Colas Santa Claus would later be), nor green (as those of Saint Nicholas often were), but rather brown with short bristles, in accordance with the description contained in Clement Clark Moores poem A Visit from St. Nicholas (circa 1880), more commonly known as The Night Before Christmas: He was dressed all in fur, from his head to his foot; And his clothes were all tarnished with ashes and soot. Morristowns Macculloch Hall Historical Museum, located across the street from Nasts former home, still holds the worlds largest collection of his work. Nast routinely criticized him for this corruption, depicting him here as only having money for brains. In exchange, Sinterklaas promises to visit them every year on his airborne sleigh and slip down the chimneys of this newly founded city to deliver gifts to the children. Nast made 33 Harpers Christmas illustrations from 1863 through 1886, and almost all of them feature Santa. She wrote a series of articles exposing the corruption of Standard Oil. Living in New York City, he dropped out of school in favor of studying drawing with fellow German-American Theodore Kaufmann and at the National Academy of Design. s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script', Why did Thomas Nast draw Santa Claus? Conozca a la influyente autora y figura clave del Renacimiento de Harlem. Please note that deleting superseded images requires consent.requires consent. In 1886 Nast stopped working forHarpers Weeklyand faced hard times in the next 6 years. At the age of fifteen, he got his first job as a professional illustrator for Frank Leslies Illustrated News. The clever Coke advertisers hired American artistHaddon Sundblom (1899-1976) to create a Santa Claus who would appear as an actual person, not a myth, magician, or an impersonator wearing a fake beard and a padded suit. During the 1840s and 1850s, a series of Arctic explorations had piqued the publics interest in this region. Be in trend easier than drink a glass of water. Meet the influential author and key figure of the Harlem Renaissance. Why does ulnar nerve injury causes claw hand? Please note: Emancipation of Negroes, The Past and the Future. During the Civil War, a Nast drawing from 1862 depicted Nicholas as a peddler wearing the colors of the American flag; published on the cover of Harpers Weekly, he became the hero of the Unionists (anti-slavery Yankees). Thomas Nast drew this image of Jolly Old Santa Claus in 1881. Saint Nicholas was popular in his lifetime, and had the reputation of being a miracle maker. Article published in the December 2015 issue of France-Amrique. About Us | Where to Find Us| Careers | Partnerships | Advertise with Us | Media Kit | Current Issue | Articles | Education |La Boutique | Subscribe | Contact Us | TV5MONDE Guide. He then studied for a time at the National Academy of Design and when he was about 15-years-old he started working as a draftsman for Leslies Illustrated Newspaper. Thomas Nast popularized the Democratic donkey and the Republican elephant as political party symbols, and made the Tammany tiger, the emblem of a firefighting club associated with the Tammany Ring in New York, the symbol of ferocious and destructive political corruption. Nast launched a relentless anti-corruption campaign against Tweed in the . When asked to paint some of his works, Nast chose the iconic red and white colours we . The legend of Santa Claus can be traced back hundreds of years to a monk named St. Nicholas. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He was a critic of Democratic Representative "Boss" Tweed and the Tammany Hall Democratic party political machine. This changed in 1863, when Harper's Weekly hired a 21-year-old named Thomas Nast to draw a picture of Santa Claus bringing gifts to troops fighting in the American Civil War. In President Lincolns words, Santa Claus became his best recruiting agent! The magazine cover showed Santa Claus looking sad as he watched the young soldiers part with their families, and handed out gifts to Unionist men. Historians review some myths and misconceptions about the Reconstruction era. Nasts work gave Santa Claus a life and personality, rather than just using him as a symbol. He studied art at the National Academy of Design and at the age of 15 became a draftsman for Frank Leslies Illustrated Newspaper and at 18 for Harpers Weekly. The poem was an instant success and played a key role in introducing a portly and larger-than-life Santa Claus to the collective American imagination. From their roots in slavery to the Wild West, hippies, high fashion and hip-hop, jeans are the fabric on which the history of American ideology and politics is writ large. Historians describe the violent conditions that prevailed in the South. In another illustration, Santa is seen with a. Nasts pen was powerful, and his cartoons could sway elections. Answer (1 of 9): Authors have historically depicted Santa Claus as fat which has influenced our modern conception of Santa Claus. | Thomas Nast, Wikimedia Commons // Public Domain. The first Colonists, primarily Puritans and other Protestant reformers, did not bring Nicholas traditions to the New World. Stay up to date with the latest content, educational resources, promotions and special news from our partners. Even more than a century after Nasts death, they beautifully evoke the magic and joy of Christmas to many viewers. Coca-Cola may have claimed ownership of the symbol and widely circulated the image of a bearded and smiling Santa Claus, yet the brand didnt actually invent anything. But even after the war ended, Nast continued to use Santa Claus to make certain pointed political statements. And as Reconstruction-era corruption and violence spun out of control, he drew cartoons that criticized black legislators as strongly as earlier cartoons had championed black suffrage and lamented white supremacist violence. For the next 30 years Nast continued to draw Santa changing the color of his coat from tan to the red hes known for today. William Tweed was a New York politician who used his influence to turn much of the city government into his own personal system. He is often credited with creating the modern image of Santa Claus, although his portrayal was not the first and was actually based on earlier depictions of the jolly, gift-giving figure. He is credited with one particular miracle: liberating the city of Nancy, capital of the Duchy of Lorraine, from its Burgundian assailants. After 1854, the Society expanded its political control even further by earning the loyalty of the citys rapidly expanding immigrant community, which functioned as its base of political capital. As Nast told his first biographer, Albert Bigelow Paine, he started drawing at an early age, to the exclusion of pretty much all else. You can, however, find many versions that have been hand-colored by their owners. Beginning in1860's, Mr. Nast drew pictures of Santa Claus for an American publication called Harper's Weekly. Both Frank Leslies and Harpers Weekly, where Nast later made his name, were illustrated weeklies. The clever Coke advertisers hired American artist Haddon Sundblom (1899-1976) to create a Santa Claus who would appear as an actual person, not a myth, magician, or an impersonator wearing a fake beard and a padded suit. The organized violenceof the Ku Klux Klan and the White League made life "worse than slavery" for Southern blacks. Its widely believed that todays Santa wears a red suit because thats the colour associated with CocaCola, but this isnt the case. In 1859 he moved to the New York Illustrated Newsand in 1860 he was sentto Englandproviding coverage of a major prizefight and he also went to Italy to provide coverage of Garibaldis campaigns in Italy. He gained weight, grew a beard, wore fur and kept his peddlers bag on his shoulder: a right jolly old elf. Nast immortalized this transformation in his best portraits, sometimes depicting his own children and his Morristown family home in New Jersey. The drawing became so popular that is still widely reproduced today. The cartoon is lampooning the corruption of Boss Tweed in New York City politics. Every black vote became a threat to white Southerners' political power. !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) Saint Nicholas, or Sinterklaas by his Dutch name, is their ships figurehead, protecting them from the storm. The appearance of today's Santa Claus was set. Sinterklaas, also known as St. Nicholas, was a historical figure who was known for his generosity and kindness, and he is the source of many of the modern Santa Clauss attributes, such as his love of children and his association with Christmas. Nasts Santa appeared as a kindly figure representing Christmas, the holiday celebrating the birth of Christ. The Atlanta-based company asked Haddon Sundblom, an illustrator of Swedish descent, to depict a paunchy, smiling Santa Claus, dressed in red, with ruddy cheeks and an elfish look. It was he who created the symbol of the Republican elephant and the Democratic donkey, and who popularized the figure of Uncle Sam. The legend of Santa Claus can be traced back hundreds of years to a monk named St. Nicholas. 1881 illustration by Thomas Nast who, along with Clement Clarke Moores poem A Visit from St. Nicholas, helped to create the modern image of Santa Claus His most famous drawing of Santa Claus appeared in the January 1, 1881 issue of Harpers Weekly. The cult of St. Nicholas had died in Europe with the Protestant Reformation except in the Netherlands, where, on December 5 of each year, the eve of his feast day, Dutch children would set out their shoes in hopes that . Did Thomas Nast Draw Santa Claus In Harper's Christmas? In 1885, Santa Claus left the streets of New York for the North Pole, a region still wrapped in mystery. Thomas Nast was born onSeptember 27, 1840, in Landau, Germany. March 23, 1867 Nast's depiction of Santa brought home the loneliness of war, the sadness of soldiers on the front, and the worry and heartache suffered by those at home. Despite his political activism, Thomas Nast is better known for something else changing Christmas forever by creating the modern-day image of Santa Claus. "He was a kind bishop who lived in Asia Minor in AD 300. Although they sometimes contained coded political elements, they most often focused on childhood, sentimentality, and the importance of family. In 1862, Nast began working for Harpers Weekly, which would publish his most celebrated and influential work. Recognizing the failure of Reconstruction, Nast asks, "IsThisa Republican Form of Government? Discover the best of France-Amrique every week in our newsletter. Christmas Bonanza: Everything You Need To Know About Christmas, The Surprising Truth: Christians Once Banned Christmas, Can Tech Help Santa Deliver the Goods? Our Sites: WetCanvas | Southwest Art | Collector's Guide. In this commentary on President Andrew Johnson's veto of the military government bill, Nast portrays the scales of justice favoring the South and the Confederate Army. Santa Claus exists as certainly as love, generosity and devotion. published in 1823 in the Troy Sentinental: he was "chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf"; he arrived on a sleigh drawn by flying . Unsurprisingly, the drawings from the Civil War often fell solidly in the realm of propaganda; Nast staunchly supported abolition, civil rights and the Republicans. Nast continued to draw Santa for 30 years, changing the color of his coat from tan to the red he's known for today. Learn how the familiar image of Santa Claus came to be, through the work of German-American illustrator Thomas Nast. Tweet. The, When a group of Dutch Calvinists fleeing religious persecution in the 17, More than a century had passed when the writer Washington Irving published. 11 Most Expensive Comic Illustrations Auctioned in the Last 10 Years. For the next 30 years Nast continued to draw Santa changing the color of his coat from tan to the red hes known for today. Except for the pipe-smoking, the smiling, bearded, ruddy cheeked, red suit wearing, portly old gent sporting a bundle of toys is pretty much the same figure appearing in the iconic Coca Cola ads that appear in the 1930s, some 50 years later. His clearest early ancestor was St. Nicholas, a 4th-century CE bishop from Myra, in modern-day Turkey. Prior to Nasts drawings, Saint Nicolas and later Santa Claus, had been drawn as a tall, thin man. His wife and children made cameo appearances, and their Morristown home often served as the backdrop. More than a century had passed when the writer Washington Irving published A History of New York in 1809, comically told by the make-believe historian Dietrich Knickerbocker (Washington Irvings pen name). St. Nicholas's migration to the North Pole is due most directly to Thomas Nast, an American cartoonist who submitted 33 Christmas drawings to Harper's Weekly magazine between 1863 and 1886, one of which featured a village called "Santa Claussville, N.P.". In the pastSanta Claus was presented in various ways butNast conceived and introduced our modern image of Santa Claus. var googletag = googletag || {}; by Jasmine Liu December 23, 2021. "This Is a White Man's Government.". "Merry Old Santa Claus" by Thomas Nast (1881). He created a modern version of Santa Claus (based on the traditional German figures of Sankt Nikolaus and Weihnachtsmann) and the political symbol of the elephant for the Republican Party (GOP). n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; What is the connection between Nast and Santa Claus? Actually, the original Santa was rather slim, but cartoonists and commercial ads artists gave him a makeover. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The same issue also contained another Nast illustration juxtaposing a soldier in the field with his wife and children at home. His drawings appeared for the first time in Harpers Weekly on March 19, 1859, when he illustrated a report exposing police corruption; Nast was 18 years old at that point. And in the left corner he is shown climbing down a chimney. Nasts illustrations in Harpers Weekly were printed in black and white. Get the latest on new films and digital content, learn about events in your area, and get your weekly fix of American history. Most often asked questions related to bitcoin. Send us an email and we'll look for an expert who can crack it. He had a broad face and a little round belly; That shook when he laughed, like a bowlful of jelly! 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Images of the Anglo-American Santa Claus or Father Christmas has come to dominate the modern Christmas. Who was the person who invented Santa Claus? While his Civil War-era drawings are powerful, and his Santa Claus depictions forever etched on the American psyche in his rendition of Christmas's secular centerpiece, he is best known for attacking the political machine of William M. Tweed in New York City in the 1870s. The name Santa Claus has his roots in the informal Dutch name for St. Nicholas, Sinterklaas (an abbreviation of Sint Nikolaas).St. Nast's Santa generally stayed in line with Moore's depiction of a plump old man with a white beard, but often changed the wardrobe options ranging from suit patterns to hats and shoes. Where did he come from, why does he do it, and how does he accomplish this seemingly impossible task? We use cookies to optimize our website and our service. (History & Facts). by beeghleytech | Dec 17, 2022 | Blog | 0 comments. Thomas Nast's cartoon shows a donkey in a lion's skin scaring an elephant and other animals. In the aftermath of World War II, the figure of Santa Claus became as well established as Coca-Cola and chewing gum, proving that its popularity was tied to Americas prestige in France in the immediate postwar period. Also a trained anthropologist, Hurston collected folklore throughout the South and Caribbean reclaiming, honoring and celebrating Black life on its own terms. An American artist named Thomas Nast also played a part in creating Santa Claus. Nasts Christmas drawings were often grander in scope and more detailed than his other work. His illustrations supported the cause he believed was just, and the candidate he thought was best. What was the main purpose of Thomas Nasts political cartoon? September 2, 1876 A few years later, in December 1823, Clement Clark Moore, a professor at New Yorks Episcopalian seminary, published a poem intended for his own children called. He was a poor student, but evenfrom an early age, Nast showed an interest in drawing. The poem describes the Christmas Eve antics of St. Nicholas, the beloved fourth-century patron saint of children. For this reason, Santa is still sometimes referred to as Saint Nick. Known as The President Maker, Nasts persuasive, and sometimes scathing, cartoons proved crucial in influencing the nations vote and affecting the outcomes of six presidential elections between 1864 and 1884. Thomas Nast was born September 27, 1840, in Landau Germany. These sketches first attracted nationwide attention to his work. Many saints acquire followings, and its perhaps unsurprising that one known for saving children and at-risk young women would find widespread popularity. More recent images, from Norman Rockwells Saturday Evening Post and Haddon Sundbloms illustrations for Coca-Cola to ubiquitous shopping mall Santas and Christmas ornaments, all trace their appearances in part back to Nasts vision. It was the 1930s, in the middle of the depression, and not a happy time for many people. Thomas Nast did not invent the American Christmas, but the German immigrant did develop the iconic image of its central celebratory figure, Santa Claus. In Germany, where the Reformation led by the monk Martin Luther banned saint worship, Nicholas was replaced by ChristKindl (Christ Child). The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. Santa first appeared in Harper's Weekly in 1863, draped in an American flag and visiting a Union Army camp (it was a bit of Civil War propaganda). Santas Portrait (below),a color illustration by the noted German born American political cartoonist Thomas Nast, appeared in an 1881 edition of Harpers Magazine. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The poem was A Visit from Saint Nicholas which began, "Twas the night before Christmas.". In fact, when Civil War cartoonist Thomas Nast drew Santa Claus for Harper's Weekly in 1862, Santa was a small elflike figure who supported the Union. Many of Nasts most effective cartoons, such as his Tammany Tiger Loose and Group of Vultures Waiting for the Storm to Blow Over (both 1871), were virulent attacks on New Yorks Tammany Hall political machine led by Boss Tweed. // cutting the mustard The following year, the writer George Webster revived Nasts idea, noting that Santa Claus toy factory and home were buried in the snows of the North Pole the rest of the year. It was he who created the symbol of the Republican elephant and the Democratic donkey, and who popularized the figure of Uncle Sam. What political cartoonist is responsible for Santa Claus? A December 1930 ad by artist Fred Mizen showed a department store Santa in a crowd drinking a bottle of Coke. Nast continued, however, to contribute to Harpers Weekly and other NYC-based publications until the 1880s. Corrections? Her paintings remain popular in Sweden today, where they are reprinted every year. Through the years, Sundbloms Christmas Santa ads for Coke incorporated subtle changes, but kept the robust, jolly figure essentially the same. But Nast's racial attitudes like those of many other Americans were not without contradictions. The legend of Santa Claus can be traced back hundreds of years to a monk named St. Nicholas. Did St Nicholas wear green? It shows a Santa in an egg-shaped profile, turning towards the viewer and carrying an armful of toys. Discover the fascinating story of this iconic American garment. Nicholas was a historic 4th-century Greek saint (from an area now in modern day Turkey) who had a reputation for secret gift-giving, such as putting coins in the shoes left out for him. Nast first drew him for the January 3, 1863, edition of Harper's Weekly. How German Refugee Thomas Nast Invented How Santa Claus Looks Back During the Civil War. That pagan figure appeared in numerous Victorian images. In Germany, where the Reformation led by the monk Martin Luther banned saint worship, Nicholas was replaced by ChristKindl (Christ Child). In fact, when Civil War cartoonist Thomas Nast drew Santa Claus for Harpers Weekly in 1862, Santa was a small elflike figure who supported the Union. All Rights Reserved. This image helped to cement the idea of Santa as a jolly, kind-hearted figure who brings joy to children on Christmas. Nast continued to draw Santa for 30 years, changing the color of his coat from tan to the red hes known for today. For many of us, the bearded present-giver in the red suit remains a time-honored part of the holiday season, long after were stopped believing hell have a present for us. Nast was the first person to draw Santa Claus as a fat, bearded elf. A German immigrant to the United States, Thomas Nast (1840-1902) is best known for his illustrations and cartoons that were published in Harper's Weekly's Journal of Civilization.Nast is most associated with his depictions of "Boss Tweed" and "Santa Claus" and for his development and popularization of the donkey and elephant as political party symbols. In fact, when Civil War cartoonist Thomas Nast drew Santa Claus for Harper's Weekly in 1862, Santa was a small elflike figure who supported the Union. No. Columbia asks, "Shall I Trust These Men, and Not This Man?". The best-known Thomas Nast image of Santa Claus, one that continues to adorn Christmas cards and ornaments, is his 1881 Merry Old Santa Claus. In parallel, Louis Prang (1824-1907), the man who introduced Christmas cards to the United States in 1875, also took part in developing the clich by depicting Santa in a snowy and icy setting, wearing a big coat with a hood lined with white fur, boots and a cloth bag for toys. Nast did some painting in oil and book illustrations, but his fame rests on his caricatures and political cartoons. Nast arrived back in New York in1861 and in September he married Sarah Edwards. Over the years, he portrayed Santa making toys, separating the naughty children from the nice, stealthily delivering presents, and more. Much admired for his piety and kindness, St. With limited education and little artistic training he joined the art staff of Frank Leslie's Illustrated as a teenager. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. In the right corner of the drawing Santa Claus is shown riding a sleigh pulled by reindeer. When he was about 13-years-old he dropped out of regular school and next year he studied art with Theodore Kaufmann. 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